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Главная » 2010 » Июль » 10 » Кто такой Ермак?
21:07
Кто такой Ермак?
Во времена Ивана Грозного в России процветал богатый купеческий род Строгановых. Они вели торговлю на берегах рек Двины и Камы (на северо-восточных и восточных окраинах страны). Эти края часто подвергались вражеским набегам, и Строгановы построили на речных берегах небольшие деревянные крепости. В этих крепостях несли службу казаки.
Особенно досаждал Строгановым правитель Сибирского ханства — Кучум. Чтобы оградить себя и свое дело от злобных кучумовских воинов, Строгановы собрали отряд казаков во главе с Ермаком Тимофеевичем и отправили его в поход на Сибирское ханство.
О происхождении Ермака говорили и говорят разное. Одни считают, что Ермак — это не имя, а прозвище, которое дали молодому казаку Василию, когда тот кашеварил в казачьем отряде и молол с помощью ермака - ручной мельницы - зерно. Другие уверяют, что Ермак — это краткая форма имени Ермолай.
Точно известно другое: Ермак был и решительным воином, умным и хитрым че-
ловеком. В его отряде подобрались исключительно смелые, под стать ему самому люди, которые беспрекословно подчинялись суровым требованиям своего руководителя
Поход Ермака начался, по всей вероятности, в 1581 или 1582 году. Сначала отряд на стругах (больших лодках) прошел по Каме, затем по Чусовой и Серебрянке. Далее струги пришлось нести на себе — впереди были Уральские горы (их тогда называли «Камень»). Потом были реки Тагил и Тура, Тобол и, наконец, Иртыш.
Здесь, на берегу Иртыша, и состоялось решающее сражение, в результате которого войско хана Кучума было разбито, а Сибирь присоединена к России.
Легенда гласит, что царь Иван Грозный наградил воинов деньгами, а Ермаку подарил дорогие доспехи. Да только недолго пришлось ему носить царскую обновку. Более того, она стала причиной гибели отважного казака.
Внезапно на спящих казаков напали враги, и пришлось им спасаться вплавь по Иртышу - большой сибирской реке. Но Ермак не выплыл - тяжелые доспехи утянули его на дно.


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